Yifei Ye / Research

ASME · JMSE 2026Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering

Structure-Aligned
Geometric Compensation

for Additive Manufacturing Warpage via Vibrational Modal Analysis

Let structure lead the correction.

Yifei Ye1,*Lijie Liu1Yiliang Liao1Stephen Holland2Adarsh Krishnamurthy3Qing Li1

Iowa State University

1 Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering   2 Aerospace Engineering   3 Mechanical Engineering
* Corresponding author

Read the paper Code ASME publication
STRUCTURE IN FOCUSPlate benchmark / Fig. 6
Paper Figure 6: nominal plate and red direct-inversion surface overlaid with blue modal compensation; separate direct and modal views at right.
Direct inversion   Modal compensationFig. 6 · Displacements exaggerated 5×
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01 The insight

Compensation starts
with representation.

Measured deformation contains both structural warpage and local artifacts. We project it onto a small set of the part’s vibration modes, then reverse only the retained structural component.

  1. Geometry
  2. Modes
  3. Projection
  4. Compensation
Nominal plate, built geometry, noisy full-field deformation, and smooth reduced modal representation.
Fig. 1 · Nominal (a), built (b), full-field (c), and reduced modal (d) representations.

02 The evidence

Less residual warpage.
Smoother correction.

Finite-element studies on a plate and an L-bracket show lower residual deformation than direct inversion.

Plate benchmark56%

Lower residual RMS

0.014 → 0.0061 mm
Direct inversion → Modal · Table 3

L-bracket benchmark30%

Lower peak residual

2.94 → 2.07 mm
Direct inversion → Modal · Table 4

Rounded reductions relative to direct inversion in the paper’s single-pass finite-element closed-loop studies.

Direct inversion produces local surface artifacts on red brackets; modal compensation produces smoother blue brackets.
Fig. 11 · Direct inversion (top), modal compensation (bottom).

Smoother geometry under imperfect observations.

Modal projection suppresses local reconstruction artifacts while preserving the main structural deformation.

The benefit is strongest when a compact structural modal basis captures the deformation. Improvement varies with geometry.

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Download BibTeX ↓
BibTeX
@article{ye2026structure,
  title = {Structure-Aligned Geometric Compensation for Additive Manufacturing Warpage via Vibrational Modal Analysis},
  author = {Ye, Yifei and Liu, Lijie and Liao, Yiliang and Holland, Stephen and Krishnamurthy, Adarsh and Li, Qing},
  journal = {Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering},
  volume = {148},
  number = {11},
  pages = {111003},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1115/1.4072276}
}